ACADEMIC PRESS, INC., Am Imprint of Elsevier, 1990. - 908 p.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
I. Introduction
Sol-Gel Processing
Historical Sketch
Background Reading
Glossary of Abbreviations
References
II. Hydrolysis and Condensation I: Nonsilicates
Transition Metals
Aluminates
Borate Systems
Summary
References
III. Hydrolysis and Condensation II: Silicates
Aqueous Silicates
Hydrolysis and Condensation of Silicon Alkoxides
Multicomponent Silicates
References
IV. Particulate Sols and Gels
Aqueous Metal Salts
Monodisperse Particles from Solution
Other Methods of Making Particles
Dispersion of Pyrogenic Particles
Summary
References
V. Gelation
Phenomenology
Classical Theory
Percolation Theory
Kinetic Models
Experimental Studies
Summary
References
VI. Aging of Gels
Aging Processes
Structure
Syneresis
Mechanical Properties
Summary
References
VII. Theory of Deformation and Flow in Gels
Driving Forces for Shrinkage
Liquid Transport
Rheology of the Porous Network
Theory of Deformation
Summary
References
VIII. Drying
Phenomenology
Drying Stress
Avoiding Fracture
Films
Summary
References
IX. Structural Evolution during Consolidation
Structures of Porous Gels: Xerogels and Aerogels
Structural Changes during Heating
Summary
References
X. Surface Chemistry and Chemical Modification
Definition of Surface
Surface Coverage of OH and OR
Dehydroxylation
Chemistry of Dehydroxylated Surfaces
Compositional Modification
Consequences of Surface Morphology
Summary
References
XI. Sintering
Theories of Viscous Sintering
Experimental Studies of Viscous Sintering
Theory of Sintering of Crystalline Materials
Experimental Studies of Diffusive Sintering
Competition between Sintering and Crystallization
Composites
Summary
References
XII. Comparison of Gel-derived and Conventional Ceramics
Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Unique Properties of Sols
Unique Properties of Gels
Glasses
Crystalline Systems
Summary
References
XIII. Film Formation
Physics of Film Formation
Precursor Structure
Deposition Conditions
Other Coating Methods
Summary
References
XIV. Applications
Thin Films and Coatings
Monoliths
Powders, Grains, and Spheres
Fibers
Composites
Porous Gels and Membranes
Summary
References
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
I. Introduction
Sol-Gel Processing
Historical Sketch
Background Reading
Glossary of Abbreviations
References
II. Hydrolysis and Condensation I: Nonsilicates
Transition Metals
Aluminates
Borate Systems
Summary
References
III. Hydrolysis and Condensation II: Silicates
Aqueous Silicates
Hydrolysis and Condensation of Silicon Alkoxides
Multicomponent Silicates
References
IV. Particulate Sols and Gels
Aqueous Metal Salts
Monodisperse Particles from Solution
Other Methods of Making Particles
Dispersion of Pyrogenic Particles
Summary
References
V. Gelation
Phenomenology
Classical Theory
Percolation Theory
Kinetic Models
Experimental Studies
Summary
References
VI. Aging of Gels
Aging Processes
Structure
Syneresis
Mechanical Properties
Summary
References
VII. Theory of Deformation and Flow in Gels
Driving Forces for Shrinkage
Liquid Transport
Rheology of the Porous Network
Theory of Deformation
Summary
References
VIII. Drying
Phenomenology
Drying Stress
Avoiding Fracture
Films
Summary
References
IX. Structural Evolution during Consolidation
Structures of Porous Gels: Xerogels and Aerogels
Structural Changes during Heating
Summary
References
X. Surface Chemistry and Chemical Modification
Definition of Surface
Surface Coverage of OH and OR
Dehydroxylation
Chemistry of Dehydroxylated Surfaces
Compositional Modification
Consequences of Surface Morphology
Summary
References
XI. Sintering
Theories of Viscous Sintering
Experimental Studies of Viscous Sintering
Theory of Sintering of Crystalline Materials
Experimental Studies of Diffusive Sintering
Competition between Sintering and Crystallization
Composites
Summary
References
XII. Comparison of Gel-derived and Conventional Ceramics
Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Unique Properties of Sols
Unique Properties of Gels
Glasses
Crystalline Systems
Summary
References
XIII. Film Formation
Physics of Film Formation
Precursor Structure
Deposition Conditions
Other Coating Methods
Summary
References
XIV. Applications
Thin Films and Coatings
Monoliths
Powders, Grains, and Spheres
Fibers
Composites
Porous Gels and Membranes
Summary
References