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Technical Report for discussion at the ILO/Japan Regional
Tripartite Seminar on Action against Sexual Harassment at Work
in Asia and the Pacific
Penang, Malaysia, 2-4 October 2001
Contents
Findings and conclusions: a summary
Introduction
Understanding sexual harassment at work in asia and the pacific
Introduction
Gender and sexual harassment: Views on differences and relations between men and
women
Attitudes and perceptions towards sexual harassment
Differences in definitions between groups of people
Commonly held beliefs about male and female sexuality
Use of culture to justify or deny sexual harassment
What is sexual harassment at work?
Definition of sexual harassment
Types of sexual harassment
What is ‘at work’?
Working relations with whom?
When is it ‘sexual assault’ and when is it ‘sexual harassment’?
Other forms of violence and gender discrimination at work
Effects of sexual harassment
Effects on the individual
Implications for the enterprise
Implications for society
Start of action against sexual harassment
The shroud of silence: Why few women report sexual harassment
Informal measures
Action by women workers’ groups and organizations
Incidence and scope of sexual harassment at work
Profile of women at work
Feminization of poverty
Feminization of employment
Occupational segregation by sex
Incidence of sexual harassment at work
High-risk sectors and occupations
Education and training institutions
Women migrant workers
Occupations or institutions with a preponderance of either sex
Jobs and/or living conditions with low security
Legal action against sexual harassment
Action at the inteational and regional levels
Developments in legislation at the national level .
Recent trends
General Definitions, Scope, Duties and Liability
Legal basis for sexual harassment protection
Fair treatment: responsive procedures and due process
Initiation of complaints
Due process
Establishing confidence in the procedures
Proving the case
Protection against victimization
Remedies and sanctions
Implementing mechanisms
Employer-based mechanisms
National administrative bodies
Key elements in legislation
Workplace policies and practical measures
Prevention is better than cure
The extent and range of workplace measures.
Development of policies and codes of conduct
Tripartite cooperation
Application of policies
The content of sexual harassment policies
Grievance handling: redress mechanisms and procedures
Complaints procedures
Informal procedures
Formal procedures
Sanctions and disciplinary measures
Monitoring and evaluation
Information dissemination and training
Dissemination of awareness-raising material
Training
Counselling and support
The extent of counselling services and procedures in place
Counselling and investigation procedures
Annex
Bibliography
Technical Report for discussion at the ILO/Japan Regional
Tripartite Seminar on Action against Sexual Harassment at Work
in Asia and the Pacific
Penang, Malaysia, 2-4 October 2001
Contents
Findings and conclusions: a summary
Introduction
Understanding sexual harassment at work in asia and the pacific
Introduction
Gender and sexual harassment: Views on differences and relations between men and
women
Attitudes and perceptions towards sexual harassment
Differences in definitions between groups of people
Commonly held beliefs about male and female sexuality
Use of culture to justify or deny sexual harassment
What is sexual harassment at work?
Definition of sexual harassment
Types of sexual harassment
What is ‘at work’?
Working relations with whom?
When is it ‘sexual assault’ and when is it ‘sexual harassment’?
Other forms of violence and gender discrimination at work
Effects of sexual harassment
Effects on the individual
Implications for the enterprise
Implications for society
Start of action against sexual harassment
The shroud of silence: Why few women report sexual harassment
Informal measures
Action by women workers’ groups and organizations
Incidence and scope of sexual harassment at work
Profile of women at work
Feminization of poverty
Feminization of employment
Occupational segregation by sex
Incidence of sexual harassment at work
High-risk sectors and occupations
Education and training institutions
Women migrant workers
Occupations or institutions with a preponderance of either sex
Jobs and/or living conditions with low security
Legal action against sexual harassment
Action at the inteational and regional levels
Developments in legislation at the national level .
Recent trends
General Definitions, Scope, Duties and Liability
Legal basis for sexual harassment protection
Fair treatment: responsive procedures and due process
Initiation of complaints
Due process
Establishing confidence in the procedures
Proving the case
Protection against victimization
Remedies and sanctions
Implementing mechanisms
Employer-based mechanisms
National administrative bodies
Key elements in legislation
Workplace policies and practical measures
Prevention is better than cure
The extent and range of workplace measures.
Development of policies and codes of conduct
Tripartite cooperation
Application of policies
The content of sexual harassment policies
Grievance handling: redress mechanisms and procedures
Complaints procedures
Informal procedures
Formal procedures
Sanctions and disciplinary measures
Monitoring and evaluation
Information dissemination and training
Dissemination of awareness-raising material
Training
Counselling and support
The extent of counselling services and procedures in place
Counselling and investigation procedures
Annex
Bibliography